NUTRITION AND RESPIRATION IN ORGANISMS - I : MCQs & SHORT ANSWERS

*INDEX-TOPIC SEARCH

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

SELECT THE CORRECT ALTERNATIVE:

1. The autotrophic organisms contain ______ pigment.
   
   
   
   1. methylene blue
   2. chlorophyll
   3. phenolphthalin
   4. carbon black
      
   
   
2. Oxygen released during photosynthesis comes from ______.
   
   
   
   1. water
   2. carbon dioxide
   3. chloroplast
   4. sunlight
      
   
   
3. Rate of photosynthesis is more in ______ and ______ light.
   
   
   
   1. red, green
   2. red, orange
   3. yellow, orange
   4. green, orange
      
   
   
4. The process of obtaining food in amoeba is called ______.
   
   
   
   1. pyrolysis
   2. phosphorylation
   3. phagocytosis
   4. phenocytosis
      
   
   
5. The cavity between the upper and the lower jaws is called ______ cavity.
   
   
   
   1. thoracic
   2. nasal
   3. hepatic
   4. buccal
      
   
   
6. The length of ileum is about ______ m.
   
   
   
   1. 5
   2. 6
   3. 7
   4. 8
      
   
   
7. The energy released during cellular respiration is stored in ______.
   
   
   
   1. ATP
   2. glucose
   3. lungs
   4. ileum
      
   
   
8. The layer of dead cells having tiny openings on the roots is called ______.
   
   
   
   1. root nodule
   2. stomata
   3. chlorenchyma
   4. lenticels
      
   
   
9. Fish respire through ______.
   
   
   
   1. Gills
   2. spiracles
   3. lungs
   4. skin
      
   
   
10. In insects the air enters the tracheal system through openings called ______.
    
    
    
    1. spiracles
    2. nostrils
    3. lungs
    4. bronchi
       
    
    
11. Lungs are situated in ______.
    
    
    
    1. buccal cavity
    2. nasal cavity
    3. thoracic cavity
    4. stomach
       
    
    
12. Oxidation of glucose takes place in ______.
    
    
    
    1. lungs
    2. heart
    3. mitochondria
    4. chloroplast
       
    
    
13. The lungs are covered by two membranes called ______.
    
    
    
    1. glottis
    2. pleura
    3. epiglottis
    4. epidermis
       
    
    
14. The process which releases energy from nutrients is called ______.
    
    
    
    1. respiration
    2. photosynthesis
    3. nutrition
    4. absorption
       
    
    
15. Which organism shows parasitic mode of nutrition ?
    
    
    
    1. Cascuta
    2. Plasmodium
    3. ascaris
    4. All three
       
    
    
16. During photosynthesis electrons are released from ______.
    
    
    
    1. Electron Transport System
    2. Chloroplast
    3. Light
    4. All three
       
    
    
17. During which phase of photosynthesis ATP is used as an energy source ?
    
    
    
    1. Light phase
    2. Light synthetic phase
    3. Biosynthetic phase
    4. Grana phase
       
    
    
18. During biosynthetic phase carbon dioxide combines with ______.
    
    
    
    1. RuBP
    2. starch
    3. glucose
    4. PGA
       
    
    
19. Cockroach shows ______ mode of nutrition.
    
    
    
    1. herbivorous
    2. carnivorous
    3. omnivorous
    4. grazing
       
    
    
20. Gizzard is found in the digestive system of ______.
    
    
    
    1. man
    2. amoeba
    3. locust
    4. earthworm
       
    
    
21. The function of incisors is ______.
    
    
    
    1. cutting
    2. tearing
    3. grinding
    4. chewing
       
    
    
22. 
    
    
    
    4. 
       
    
    
23. 
    
    
    
    4. 
       
    
    
24. 
    
    
    
    4. 
       
    
    

SHORT QUESTIONS

ANSWER IN SHORT:

1. Define : Nutrition.
   
        ANS : The process of intake of nutrients and their utilization in every living cell of the body is called nutrition.
   
2. What is the aim of the nutrition ?
   
        ANS : The aim of nutrition is to provide energy to the body and help in biosynthesis of body constituents.
   
3. Mention two main modes of nutrition.
   
        ANS : Autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition are two main modes of nutrition.
   
4. From what do autotrophic organisms synthesize glucose and other molecules ?
   
        ANS : Autotrophic organisms synthesize glucose and other molecules from inorganic molecules like carbon dioxide, water and some minerals using solar energy.
   
5. What do we mean by autotrophic organisms ?
   
        ANS : Those organisms which can synthesize their own food by using carbon dioxide, water and solar energy are called autotrophic organisms.
   
6. What do we mean by heterotrophic organisms ?
   
        ANS : Those organisms which cannot prepare their own food and are dependent on other organisms for nutrition are called heterotrophic organisms.
   
7. Mention different types of heterotrophic nutrition.
   
        ANS : The types of heterotrophic nutrition are : saprophytic nutrition, parasitic nutrition and holozoic nutrition.
   
8. How is energy derived during heterotrophic nutrition ?
   
        ANS : Energy is derived from the intake and digestion of organic nutrients obtained from plant and animal origin.
   
9. Define : Saprophytic nutrition.
   
        ANS : The mode of nutrition in which an organism obtains nutrients from dead and decaying organic matter is called saprophytic nutrition.
   
10. Define : Saprophyte
    
         ANS : An organism which obtains nutrition from dead and decaying matter is called a saprophyte.
    
11. Define : Parasitic nutrition.
    
         ANS : [TEXT BOOK DEFINITION] If an organism depends on another living organism for nutrition, then this mode of nutrition is called parasitic nutrition.
    
    [PROPER DEFINITION] If an organism obtains nutrition from other organism and in turn harms the latter, the mode of nutrition is called parasitic nutrition.
    
12. What is the organism providing food to a parasite called ?
    
         ANS : The organism providing food to a parasite is called 'host'.
    
13. Define : Holozoic nutrition.
    
         ANS : The nutrition obtained by the intake of parts of plants or animals or an organism as a whole by the process of ingestion which is then digested and nutrients are absorbed is called holozoic nutrition.
    
14. By which process do green plants synthesize food ?
    
         ANS : Green plants synthesize food by photosynthesis.
    
15. What does photosynthesis mean ?
    
         ANS : Photosynthesis means synthesis of food with the help of light energy.
    
16. Define : Photosynthesis.
    
         ANS : Photosynthesis is a process in which plants (and some micro-organisms) synthesize food from environmental carbon dioxide and water using sunlight and chlorophyll.
    
17. Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis.
    
         ANS :
    
    
    
    
18. Mention the two phases of photosynthesis.
    
         ANS : The two phases of photosynthesis are (i) Light phase (ii) Biosynthetic phase.
    
19. In which form do the chlorophyll molecules absorb light energy ?
    
         ANS : Chlorophyll molecules absorb light energy in the form of photons.
    
20. What is photophosphorylation ?
    
         ANS : The synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate during the light phase of photosynthesis is called photophosphorylation.
    
21. Write the equation for photolysis of water during photosynthesis.
    
         ANS :
    
    
    
    
22. What is the full form of NADP ?
    
         ANS : The full form of NADP is Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate.
    
23. Where does the light phase of photosynthesis take place in the chloroplast ?
    
         ANS : The light phase of photosynthesis takes place in the grana of chloroplast.
    
24. What is formed during the light phase of photosynthesis ?
    
         ANS : ATP and NADPH₂ are formed during the light phase of photosynthesis.
    
25. What happens during the biosynthetic phase of photosynthesis ?
    
         ANS : Carbohydrates are formed from carbon dioxide using ATP and NADPH₂ during biosynthetic phase.
    
26. Where does the biosynthetic phase take place ?
    
         ANS : Biosynthetic phase takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast.
    
27. Who discovered the biosynthetic phase of photosynthesis ?
    
         ANS : Calvin and Benson discovered the biosynthetic phase of photosynthesis.
    
28. How does carbon dioxide enter the biosynthetic phase ?
    
         ANS : Carbon dioxide reacts with Ribulose biphosphate (RuBP) and enters the biosynthetic phase.
    
29. Mention the factors affecting photosynthesis.
    
         ANS : The factors affecting photosynthesis are : (i) light (ii) water (iii) temperature (iv) carbon dioxide.
    
30. What part of visible light is mostly absorbed by chlorophyll ?
    
         ANS : Mostly red and orange region of visible light is absorbed by chlorophyll.
    
31. How does the intensity of light affect the rate of photosynthesis ?
    
         ANS : The rate of photosynthesis increases at low intensity and decreases at high intensity.
    
32. Why does the low temperature inhibit photosynthesis ?
    
         ANS : Low temperature inhibits the rate of photosynthesis because at low temperatures the activity of the enzymes is lowered.
    
33. Why does the rate of photosynthesis decrease at very high temperatures ?
    
         ANS : The rate of photosynthesis decreases at very high temperatures because at those temperatures the enzymes are denatured.
    
34. How are animals classified according to their food habit ?
    
         ANS : Animals are classified as herbivores, carnivores and omnivores according to their food habit.
    
35. On what does amoeba feed ?
    
         ANS : Amoeba feeds on microscopic plants and animals floating on water.
    
36. Mention the processes involved in the nutrition in amoeba.
    
         ANS : The processes involved in the nutrition in amoeba are : ingestion, digestion, assimilation and egestion.
    
37. In which parts is the alimentary canal of a grasshopper divided ?
    
         ANS : The alimentary canal of a grasshopper is divided into three parts : (i) foregut (ii) midgut (iii) hindgut.
    
38. What forms the foregut of a grasshopper ?
    
         ANS : The foregut of a grasshopper starts from the mouth, followed by a short pharynx, a short and narrow oesophagus, crop and extends upto gizzard.
    
39. Which parts does the hindgut of a grasshopper consist of ?
    
         ANS : The hindgut of a grasshopper consists of three parts : (i) an anterior ileum (ii) a middle colon (iii) a posterior rectum.
    
40. What are Malphighian tubules ?
    
         ANS : The yellow thread-like minute tubules in the hindgut of a grasshopper are called Malphighian tubules.
    
41. What do hepatic caecae do ?
    
         ANS : Hepatic caecae secrete digestive enzymes.
    
42. What does the alimentary canal in human digestive system consist of ?
    
         ANS : The alimentary canal in human digestive system consists of mouth, buccal cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus.
    
43. Mention the accessory digestive glands of human digestive system.
    
         ANS : Salivary glands, liver and pancreas are the accessory digestive glands of human digestive system.
    
44. Mention the types of teeth.
    
         ANS : The types of teeth are : (i) incisors (ii) canines (iii) premolars (iv) molars.
    
45. What is the posterior region of buccal cavity called ?
    
         ANS : The posterior region of buccal cavity is called pharynx.
    
46. Through which valve does the stomach open into duodenum ?
    
         ANS : The stomach opens into duodenum through pyloric valve.
    
47. What does the small intestine consist of ?
    
         ANS : The small intestine consists of (i) duodenum (ii) jejunum (iii) ileum.
    
48. What is the function of villi in small intestine ?
    
         ANS : The function of villi is to increase the surface area for absorption in small intestine.
    
49. Where is the vermiform appendix located ?
    
         ANS : The vermiform appendix is located at the junction of the small intestine and the large intestine.
    
50. Define : Inspiration.
    
         ANS : The intake of oxygenated air into lungs is called inspiration.
    
51. Define : Expiration.
    
         ANS : The removal of deoxygenated air containing carbon dioxide from the lungs is called expiration.
    
52. Define : Breathing.
    
         ANS : The alternate process of inspiration and expiration together is called breathing.
    
53. Define : Respiration.
    
         ANS : Respiration is the process involving inspiration and expiration during which every cell of the body receives oxygen and utilises it for oxidation of glucose to release energy.
    
54. Define : Aerobic respiration.
    
         ANS : The respiration that takes place in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration.
    
55. Why is aerobic respiration also called cellular (internal) respiration ?
    
         ANS : Aerobic respiration is also called cellular (internal) respiration because it takes place within the cell.
    
56. Write the chemical equation for aerobic respiration.
    
         ANS :
    
    
    
57. Define : Anaerobic respiration.
    
         ANS : Respiration which takes place in the absence of oxygen is called anaerobic respiration.
    
58. Which organisms exhibit anaerobic respiration ?
    
         ANS : Micro-organisms like bacteria, yeast, fungi and endoparasites exhibit anaerobic respiration.
    
59. Mention end products of anaerobic respiration.
    
         ANS : The end products of anaerobic respiration are carbon dioxide and ethanol in plants and lactic acid in the muscles of animals.
    
60. Write the chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in plants.
    
         ANS :
    
    
    
61. Write the chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles.
    
         ANS :[SA-61]
    
62. Through what does the gaseous exchange occur between the soil and the inner living cells of plants ?
    
         ANS : The gaseous exchange occurs between the soil and the inner living cells of plants through lenticels.
    
63. Through what does the gaseous exchange occur in animals like amoeba/paramoecium ?
    
         ANS : The gaseous exchange occurs through body wall in amoeba/paramoecium.
    
64. Gaseous exchange occurs through ______ in earthworm.
    
         ANS : the skin
    
65. Through what does the frog respire ?
    
         ANS : The frog respires through skin and lungs.
    
66. What is the respiratory organ of insects like locust, housefly and cockroach ?
    
         ANS : Trachea is the respiratory organ of insects like locust, housefly and cockroach.
    
67. Through what does the air enter tracheal system in insects ?
    
         ANS : The air enters tracheal system through openings called spiracles in insects.
    
68. What type of respiratory surface should be for rapid and efficient gaseous exchange ?
    
         ANS : The respiratory surface should be thin, moist, richly supplied with blood capillaries and in direct contact with the atmosphere for rapid and efficient gaseous exchange.
    
69. What does the human respiratory system consists of ?
    
         ANS : Human respiratory system consists of nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs.
    
70. What is glottis ?
    
         ANS : Glottis is a slit through which pharynx leads to trachea.
    
71. Why does the food not enter the windpipe ?
    
         ANS : The food (during swallowing) does not enter the windpipe because the glottis is covered by a cartilaginous flap of skin called epiglottis.
    
72. Name the salivary glands of human digestive system.
    
         ANS : (1) Submendibular salivary gland (2) Sublingual salivary gland
    
73. What is the function of canines?
    
         ANS : The function of canines is'tearing' the food particles.