REPRODUCTION IN ORGANISMS - I : MCQs & SHORT ANSWERS

*INDEX-TOPIC SEARCH

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

SELECT THE CORRECT ALTERNATIVE:

1. Which of the following is not a unicellular organism ?
   
   
   
   1. Amoeba
   2. Paramoecium
   3. Hydra
   4. Yeast
      
   
   
2. Which of the following shows budding ?
   
   
   
   1. Yeast
   2. Amoeba
   3. Paramoecium
   4. Plasmodium
      
   
   
3. Which of the following shows multiple fission ?
   
   
   
   1. Hydra
   2. Yeast
   3. Spirogyra
   4. Plasmodium
      
   
   
4. Which is the most common method of reproduction in majority of fungi and bacteria ?
   
   
   
   1. Binary fission
   2. Multiple fission
   3. Budding
   4. Spore formation
      
   
   
5. Which of the following shows spore formation ?
   
   
   
   1. Amoeba
   2. Mucor
   3. Plasmodium
   4. Paramoecium
      
   
   
6. Regeneration is observed in ______.
   
   
   
   1. Amoeba
   2. Planaria
   3. Spirogyra
   4. Yeast
      
   
   
7. Which of the following does not show regeneration ?
   
   
   
   1. Mucor
   2. Planaria
   3. Sponges
   4. Starfish
      
   
   
8. Which of the following is not an artificial method of vegetative propagation ?
   
   
   
   1. Cutting
   2. Layering
   3. Grafting
   4. Hybridization
      
   
   
9. Testes produce ______ hormone.
   
   
   
   1. Estrogen
   2. Testosterone
   3. Progesterone
   4. Both estrogen and testosterone
      
   
   
10. Which of the following is not produced in the ovary ?
    
    
    
    1. Ovum
    2. Estrogen
    3. Progesterone
    4. Testosterone
       
    
    
11. The main reproductive organ of human male is ______.
    
    
    
    1. a pair of testes
    2. vas deferens
    3. urethra
    4. penis
       
    
    
12. The main female reproductive organ is ______.
    
    
    
    1. Fallopian tubes
    2. uterus
    3. vagina
    4. a pair of ovaries
       
    
    
13. The first phase of the sexual cycle in human female is called ______.
    
    
    
    1. ovulation
    2. implantation
    3. menstruation
    4. follicle phase
       
    
    
14. Menstrual flow(menstruation) lasts for about ______ days.
    
    
    
    1. 2 - 3
    2. 3 - 5
    3. 5 - 7
    4. 14
       
    
    
15. In a normal healthy woman, menstruation occurs every ______ days.
    
    
    
    1. 14
    2. 28 - 32
    3. 21 - 24
    4. 270
       
    
    
16. What marks the beginning of the reproductive life of a woman ?
    
    
    
    1. ovulation
    2. menopause
    3. menarche
    4. fertilisation
       
    
    
17. What is formed after fertilisation ?
    
    
    
    1. A sperm
    2. An ovum
    3. A zygote
    4. A gamete
       
    
    
18. Where does fertilisation take place ?
    
    
    
    1. vagina
    2. cervix
    3. Fallopian tube
    4. uterus
       
    
    
19. What should be the normal weight of a fully matured foetus (child at birth)?
    
    
    
    1. 2.5 - 3.0 pounds
    2. 2.5 - 3.0 kg
    3. 3.0 - 3.5 pounds
    4. 3.0 - 3.5 kg
       
    
    
20. ______ prevents ovulation.
    
    
    
    1. Testosterone
    2. Progesterone
    3. Estrogen
    4. Contraception
       
    
    
21. Which of the following shows budding ?
    
    
    
    1. Hydra
    2. Amoeba
    3. Paramoecium
    4. Spirogyra
       
    
    
22. Several new individuals are produced.
    
    
    
    1. Binary fission
    2. Multiple fission
    3. Both binary fission and multiple fission
    4. Fertilisation
       
    
    
23. In grafting the plant rooted in the soil is called ______.
    
    
    
    1. stock
    2. sucker
    3. scion
    4. rhizome
       
    
    
24. Which of the following plants shows vegetative propagation ?
    
    
    
    1. Wheat
    2. Radish
    3. Sunflower
    4. Bryophyllum
       
    
    
25. Testes in human male are located in ______.
    
    
    
    1. abdominal cavity
    2. vas deferens
    3. scrotum
    4. penis
       
    
    
26. In the process of sexual reproduction ______.
    
    
    
    1. only males are needed
    2. both male and female are needed
    3. only females are needed
    4. only mitosis is involved
       
    
    
27. The process of release of an egg from the ovary is called ______.
    
    
    
    1. reproduction
    2. ovulation
    3. menstruation
    4. fertilisation
       
    
    
28. ______ takes place in a woman after 45 - 50 years.
    
    
    
    1. Menstruation
    2. Ovulation
    3. Menopause
    4. Lactation
       
    
    
29. The period taken for one complete menstrual cycle is ______.
    
    
    
    1. 31 days
    2. 32 - 35 days
    3. 28 - 32 days
    4. 22 - 25 days
       
    
    
30. The development of foetus inside the uterus till birth is called ______.
    
    
    
    1. gestation
    2. parturition
    3. lactation
    4. fertilization
       
    
    
31. The unicellular fungus which shows bud formation is ______.
    
    
    
    1. mucor
    2. yeast
    3. amoeba
    4. none of these
       
    
    
32. The animal which shows regeneration is ______.
    
    
    
    1. amoeba
    2. paramoecium
    3. hydra
    4. rhizopus
       
    
    
33. The method by which desired characters of two plants can be combined is ______.
    
    
    
    1. cutting
    2. layering
    3. budding
    4. grafting
       
    
    
34. The disease caused by treponema palidium is ______.
    
    
    
    1. AIDS
    2. syphillis
    3. gonorrhoea
    4. hepatitis
       
    
    
35. Yeast reproduces by...
    
    
    
    1. budding
    2. fission
    3. regeneration
    4. spore formation
       
    
    
36. A chain of buds is formed in...
    
    
    
    1. hydra
    2. yeast
    3. mucor
    4. plasmodium
       
    
    
37. Vegetative propagation is observed in...
    
    
    
    1. yeast
    2. hydra
    3. mucor
    4. bryophyllum
       
    
    
38. ______ is useful where seeds have long dormancy period and poor germination capacity.
    
    
    
    1. Cutting
    2. Layering
    3. Grafting
    4. Regeneration
       
    
    
39. ______ is a very useful method for developing garden.
    
    
    
    1. Cutting
    2. Layering
    3. Grafting
    4. Budding
       
    
    
40. The stage at which there is a gradual change in structure of reproductive organs in human male and female is called...
    
    
    
    1. spermatogenesis
    2. oogenesis
    3. menarche
    4. puberty
       
    
    
41. The temperature in the scrotum is about ______ deg C lower than the body temperature.
    
    
    
    1. 2
    2. 3
    3. 5
    4. 6
       
    
    
42. Which of the following is not a part of reproductive system in human male ?
    
    
    
    1. Testis
    2. Seminal vesicle
    3. Clitoris
    4. vas deferens
       
    
    
43. Which of the following is not a part of reproductive system in human female ?
    
    
    
    1. Ovary
    2. Cervix
    3. Vagina
    4. vas deferens
       
    
    
44. The sexual cycle in human female starts at...
    
    
    
    1. birth
    2. the age of 45
    3. the age of 28
    4. puberty stage
       
    
    
45. Ovulation occurs on the ______ day of the sexual cycle.
    
    
    
    1. 14th
    2. 20th
    3. 28th
    4. any
       
    
    
46. The sexual cycle in human female remains active(functional), generally, up to the age of...
    
    
    
    1. 30 years
    2. 35-40 years
    3. 45-50 years
    4. 55-60 years
       
    
    
47. The 14th day of sexual cycle in human female is important because on that day...
    
    
    
    1. ovulation occurs
    2. she becomes pregnant
    3. menstrual flow starts
    4. she gives birth to a child
       
    
    
48. ______ fertilises an ovum in a female's body.
    
    
    
    1. Blood
    2. Testosterone
    3. A sperm
    4. Seminal fluid
       
    
    
49. The nutritional requirements of an embryo are maintained through...
    
    
    
    1. ovarian follicle
    2. oviduct
    3. mouth
    4. umbilical cord
       
    
    
50. In humans, generally, the birth takes place after ______ of embryo development.
    
    
    
    1. 14 weeks
    2. 28 weeks
    3. 40 weeks
    4. 280 weeks
       
    
    
51. The calculation of embryo development (age of embryo) starts from...
    
    
    
    1. the first day of last menstrual cycle
    2. the first day of first menstrual cycle
    3. the last day of first menstrual cycle
    4. the last day of last menstrual cycle
       
    
    
52. Which of the following is a chemical device of birth control ?
    
    
    
    1. Copper-T
    2. Condum
    3. Birth-control pills
    4. Loop
       
    
    
53. Where are the testes of human male located ?
    
    
    
    1. In abdominal cavity
    2. In vas deferens
    3. In scrotum
    4. In penis
       
    
    
54. The process of release of egg from ovary is called...
    
    
    
    1. reproduction
    2. ovulation
    3. menstruation
    4. menopause
       
    
    
55. The period after 45-50 years in woman is known as...
    
    
    
    1. menstruation
    2. gestation
    3. menopause
    4. lactation
       
    
    
56. How many days are there in one menstrual cycle ?
    
    
    
    1. 31
    2. 32-35
    3. 28-32
    4. 22-40
       
    
    
57. The period from the formation of embryo to birth is known as...
    
    
    
    1. gestation
    2. parturition
    3. lactation
    4. fertilisation
       
    
    
58. Every organism produces another identical organism. This event is known as...
    
    
    
    1. growth
    2. reproduction
    3. alteration of generation
    4. regeneration
       
    
    
59. The method by which the desired characters of two plants can be combined is...
    
    
    
    1. cutting
    2. layering
    3. budding
    4. grafting
       
    
    
60. During embryo development, the embryo is protected by...
    
    
    
    1. amnion
    2. placenta
    3. umbilical cord
    4. oviduct
       
    
    
61. 
    
    
    
    4. 
       
    
    

ANSWERS TO MCQs:

(1) C (2) A (3) D (4) D (5) B (6) B (7) A (8) D (9) B (10) D (11) A (12) D (13) D (14) B (15) B (16) C (17) C (18) C (19) D (20) B (21) A (22) B (23) A (24) D (25) C (26) B (27) B (28) C (29) C (30) A (31) B (32) C (33) D (34) B

SHORT QUESTIONS

ANSWER IN SHORT:

1. What is reproduction ?
   
        ANS : The process by which the organisms produce new organisms similar to them is known as reproduction.
   
   
2. Why is reproduction essential ?
   
        ANS : Reproduction is essential for the perpetuation of species and thereby life.
   
   
3. Mention the types of reproduction.
   
        ANS : Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction are the two types of reproduction.
   
   
4. What is asexual reproduction ?
   
        ANS : Asexual reproduction is the method of reproduction involving only a single individual (organism),i.e. only one organism is needed for reproduction.
   
   
5. Mention different types of asexual reproduction.
   
        ANS : (i) Fission (ii) Budding (iii) Spore Formation (iv) Regeneration (v) Vegetative propagation, etc are types of asexual reproduction.
   
   
6. Mention two types of reproduction by fission.
   
        ANS : Binary fission and multiple fission are the two types of fission.
   
   
7. What is binary fission ?
   
        ANS :When two independent adult organisms are formed after the division of the nucleus and the cytoplasm of one (mother) cell into two (daughter) cells, the process of reproduction is called binary fission.
   
   
8. Give examples of organisms showing binary fission.
   
        ANS : Amoeba and paramoecium show binary fission.
   
   
9. What is multiple fission ?
   
        ANS :When the nucleus of one (mother) cell divides several times into many (daughter) nuclei, each forming an individual organism, the process is called multiple fission.
   
   
10. Give examples of organisms showing multiple fission.
    
         ANS : Plasmodium and amoeba show multiple fission.
    
    
11. What is budding ?
    
         ANS : Budding is a process of reproduction in which a small protuberance (bud) appearing on an adult cell gradually grows bigger and then behaves as an independent organism after being detached from the (mother) cell.
    
    
12. Give examples of organisms showing budding.
    
         ANS : Yeast and hydra show budding.
    
    
13. What is the similarity between hydra and yeast ?
    
         ANS : both hydra and yeast exhibit budding as the method of reproduction.
    
    
14. Mention some organisms showing spore formation.
    
         ANS : Mucor, rhizopus and penicillium show spore formation.
    
    
15. What is sporangium ?
    
         ANS : Sporangium is a structure developing from fungal hypha and it contains a nucleus (spore) which divides several times forming a large number of spores which develop into new hyphae after falling on the ground.
    
    
16. What is regeneration ?
    
         ANS : The ability of an organism to replace the lost parts of its body is called regeneration.
    
    
17. What is fragmentation ?
    
         ANS : When an organism breaks into two or more pieces after being mature and then each piece grows as an individual organism, the process is known as fragmentation.
    
    
18. Give examples of organisms showing fragmentation.
    
         ANS : Oscillatoria and spirogyra show fragmentation.
    
    
19. What is vegetative propagation ?
    
         ANS : Vegetative propagation is a method of reproduction in which a new plant developes from a part of a root, stem or leaf.
    
    
20. Give examples of plants showing vegetative propagation.
    
         ANS : Potato, sweet potato, bryophyllum, etc. show vegetative propagation.
    
    
21. Mention names of artificial methods of vegetative propagation.
    
         ANS : Cutting, layering, grafting etc are artificial methods of vegetative propagation.
    
    
22. Give examples of some plants in which cutting is used as a method of vegetative propagation.
    
         ANS : Cutting is used as a method of vegetative propagatin for sugarcane, grapes, rose, phalsa, etc.
    
    
23. Give examples of some plants in which layering is used as a method of vegetative propagation.
    
         ANS : layering is used as a method of vegetative propagation for lemon. guaua, hibiscus, jasmine, bougainvillaea, etc.
    
    
24. What is grafting ?
    
         ANS : Grafting is a method of vegetative propagation in which two parts of two different plants are joined together in a specific manner so that they unite to grow as one plant.
    
    
25. What is 'scion' ?
    
         ANS : The portion of the plant which is grafted on other plant is called scion.
    
    
26. What is 'stock' ?
    
         ANS : The plant on which grafting is performed is called stock.
    
    
27. In what circumstances is grafting a better method ?
    
         ANS : Grafting is a better method for plants where seeds are having long dormancy period and poor germination capacity.
    
    
28. At which stage of life the reproductive system of human being becomes functional ? (write one word).
    
         ANS : Puberty.
    
    
29. Mention the age of puberty in male and female human beings.
    
         ANS : The age of puberty in human male is about 13-14 years and that in human female is about 10-12 years.
    
    
30. Mention the names of human gonads.
    
         ANS : Testis (testes) in male and ovary in female are human gonads.
    
    
31. Name the sex hormone of human male.
    
         ANS : Testosteron is the sex hormone of human male.
    
    
32. Which hormones are produced in ovary of human female ?
    
         ANS : Estrogen and progesteron are produced in the ovary of human female.
    
    
33. Which are the two processes referred to as gametogenesis ?
    
         ANS : Spermatogenesis and oogenesis are referred to as gametogenesis.
    
    
34. Mention the optimal temperature for spermatogenesis.
    
         ANS : A temperature 3 °C lower than the body temperature is optimal for spermatogenesis.
    
    
35. What is urinogenital path ?
    
         ANS : Urinogenital path is the common opening through which both urine and the sperms are released.
    
    
36. What is ovulation ?
    
         ANS : The release of an ovum from the ovary by rupturing the ovarian follicle is called ovulation.
    
    
37. What is menstrual cycle ?
    
         ANS : The cycle of events taking place in the ovaries and uterus every 28 days and marked by the flow of blood is called menstrual Cycle.
    
    
38. What is menarche ?
    
         ANS : The commencement of menstruation at puberty in a woman is called menarche.
    
    
39. What is menopause ?
    
         ANS : Menopause is the stage in a woman's life when menstrual flow and other related events stop.
    
    
40. What is fertilisation ?
    
         ANS : The union of the male and female gametes resolting in the formation of zygote is called fertilisation.
    
    
41. Mention the type of fertilisation taking place in humans.
    
         ANS : Internal fertilisation takes place in humans.
    
    
42. Mention the term used for male gamete.
    
         ANS : Sperm.
    
    
43. What indicates that the fertilisation has taken place ?
    
         ANS : The absence of menstrual flow at its regular interval indicates that the fertilisation has occured.
    
    
44. What is implantation ?
    
         ANS : The close attachment of the embryo with the walls of uterus is called implantation.
    
    
45. What is placenta ?
    
         ANS : A special tissue between the uterus wall and the embryo (foetus) that fulfils the nutritional, respiratory and excretory needs of the foetus from mother's body is called placenta.
    
    
46. What is the function of amniotic fluid ?
    
         ANS : The function of amniotic fluid is to protect the foetus against temperature changes and mechanical shocks.
    
    
47. What is gestation ?
    
         ANS : The development of the foetus inside the uterus till birth is called gestation.
    
    
48. What is the average duration of pregnancy (gestation period) in human beings ?
    
         ANS : The average duration of pregnancy in human beings is about 280 days or 40 weeks.
    
    
49. What is parturition ?
    
         ANS : The birth of a fully developed foetus after the completion of gestation period is called parturition.
    
    
50. What is family planning ?
    
         ANS : Family planning is the adoption of various new techniques which prevent fertilisation or pregnancy.
    
    
51. What is Zero (Rhythm) method ?
    
         ANS : Zero or Rhythm method is a natural method of contraception in which sexual intercourse is avoided 3 days before ovulation and 1 day after ovulation.
    
    
52. What is 'coitus interruptus' ?
    
         ANS : Coitus interruptus is a natural method of contraception in which the penis is withdrawn from vagina before ejeculation (of semen).
    
    
53. Mention two natural methods of contraception.
    
         ANS : (i)Zero (Rhythm) method (ii) Coitus interruptus.
    
    
54. What is the full form of IUCD ?
    
         ANS : The full form of IUCD is IntraUterine Contraceptive Device.
    
    
55. What is a contraceptive ?
    
         ANS : A device or a substance that prevents fertilisation during intercourse is called a contraceptive.
    
    
56. What is contraception ?
    
         ANS : Contraception is a method of prevention of fertilisation of ovum (pregnancy).
    
    
57. What is vasectomy ?
    
         ANS : Vasectomy is the process of surgical removal of a small portion of vas deferens of a male to prevent fertilisation.
    
    
58. What is tubectomy ?
    
         ANS : Tubectomy is the process of surgically cutting and tying the Fallopian tube of a female to prevent fertilisation.
    
    
59. What is the full form of WHO ?
    
         ANS : The full form of WHO is World Health Organisation.
    
    
60. Define 'health' according to WHO.
    
         ANS : According to WHO, health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease.
    
    
61. What are STDs ?
    
         ANS : The infectious diseases which are spread from an infected person to a healthy person by sexual contact are called Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs).
    
    
62. What is gonorrhoea ?
    
         ANS : Gonorrhoea is the inflammation of urinogenital tract causing burning sensation during urination.
    
    
63. Which organism causes gonorrhoea ? (Write the name only).
    
         ANS : Neissena gonorrhoea.
    
    
64. What is syphillis ?
    
         ANS : Syphillis is an STD in which there are lesions in the mucuos membrane urinogenital tract and ulcers on genitalia.
    
    
65. Which organism causes syphillis ?
    
         ANS : Treponema palidium causes syphillis.
    
    
66. What is the full form of AIDS ?
    
         ANS : The full form of AIDS is Acquired
    Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome.
    
    
67. Which virus causes AIDS ?
    
         ANS : HIV or Human Immuno-deficiency Virus causes AIDS.
    
    
68. Name two animals that can regenerate their lost body parts.
    
         ANS : Planaria and starfish.
    
    
69. Which two sex hormones are produced by ovary in human female ?
    
         ANS : Progesterone and estrogen are produced by ovary in human female.
    
    
70. Name main sex organs in humans.
    
         ANS : Apair of testes in male and a pair of ovary in female are the main sex organs in humans.
    
    
71. What is an ovary ?
    
         ANS : An ovary is the main sex organ in human female which exists in pair and releases an every month to the fallopian tube.
    
    
72. Give the location and function of placenta.
    
         ANS : Placenta is located between the wall of the uterus and the foetus and its function is to fulfil the nutritional, respiratory, developmental and excretory needs of the foetus by connecting the foetus to mother's body.
    
    
73. What is population control ?
    
         ANS : The prevention of unwanted births by applying proper techniques so that the population does not increase rapidly is called population control.
    
    
74. When does a girl attain puberty ?
    
         ANS : A girl attains puberty at the age of about 10-12 years.
    
    
75. What do you mean by reproductive health ?
    
         ANS : Reproductive health means capacity to reproduce without getting diseases like AIDS, gonorrhoea, syphillis, etc. which are contagious and transmitted sexually.
    
    
76. What is the full form of NACO ?
    
         ANS : The full form of NACO is National AIDS Control Organisation.
    
    
77. 
    
         ANS :